Parts of Speech

āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž Word āĻāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Sentence āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĨ¤ Sentence āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž Word āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ Parts of Speech āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĨ¤ Words are categorized according to eight parts of speech in conventional grammar. āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤ⧃āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϟāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĨ¤

In English grammar, parts of speech are categories that help us understand how words function in a sentence. These are essential building blocks for constructing meaningful sentences since each part of speech describes the role a word plays in a sentence, rather than what the word itself is.

Each part of speech describes how a word is used rather than what it is. The same word may function as a noun in one phrase and a verb or an adjective in another. āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤ⧃āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĨ¤

 

The following examples demonstrate how a specific word might work as a different part of speech in different sentences. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤ⧃āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

  • Walk: Verb & Noun
    • I walk to school every day.

      In this sentence, ‘walk’ is a verb.

       

    • Rana takes a walk every morning.

      Here ‘walk’ is a noun.

  • Book: Noun & Verb
    • A book is a man’s best friend.

      In this sentence, ‘book’ is a noun.

       

    • I book a hotel room every Friday.

      Here ‘book’ is a verb.

  • Fast: Adjective & Adverb
    • He drives a fast car. (Adjective describing “car”)
    • He runs fast. (Adverb modifying “runs”)
  • Light: Noun & Verb
    • The light is bright. (Noun representing an object)
    • Please light the candle. (Verb describing an action)

Key Points to Remember:

  • A single word may act as different parts of speech depending on the context.
  • Example sentences can help you understand the function of a word. (aforementioned examples)

A Brief Explanation of Each Part of Speech with Examples

Noun (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ):

  • A noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, idea, or quality.
  • Example: Dhaka (a place), Student (a person), Happiness (an idea).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž, āĻ•āϞāĻŽ, āϏ⧁āĻ–āĨ¤

Pronoun (āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ):

  • A pronoun is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
  • Example: He (in place of “Rana”), They (in place of “students”).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻž Noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āϏ⧇, āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĨ¤

Adjective (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ):

  • An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun, giving more information about it.
  • Example: A red apple (“red” describes the apple).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻšāϞ⧋ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ Noun āĻŦāĻž Pronoun-āĻāϰ āĻĻā§‹āώ, āϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āϞāĻžāϞ, āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰāĨ¤

Verb (āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž):

  • A verb is a word that expresses an action or a state of being.
  • Example: She sings beautifully. (“sings” is an action verb).
  • Example: She is beautiful. (“is” is a ‘state of being’ verb).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻ—āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž, āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž, āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĨ¤

Adverb (āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ):

  • An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, providing more information.
  • Example: He runs quickly. (“quickly” modifies the verb “runs”).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ, āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Preposition (āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧā§€ āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻ°ā§āĻ—):

  • A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence.
  • Example: The book is on the table. (“on” shows the relationship between “book” and “table”).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻ°ā§āĻ— āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ Noun āĻŦāĻž Pronoun-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āωāĻĒāϰ, āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇āĨ¤

Conjunction (āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āϜāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ):

  • A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.
  • Example: I want tea and coffee. (“and” connects “tea” and “coffee”).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āϜāĻ• āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāϕ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āĻāĻŦāĻ‚, āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻžāĨ¤

Interjection (āφāĻŦ⧇āĻ—āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ):

  • An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion.
  • Example: Wow! That’s amazing. (“Wow” expresses amazement).
  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž: āφāĻŦ⧇āĻ—āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻž āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻš! āφāĻšāĻž!

Check Your Understanding: Parts of Speech

What part of speech is "Wow" in the sentence: "Wow! That’s amazing."


Identify the part of speech of "quickly" in the sentence: "He runs quickly."


What part of speech is "and" in the sentence: "I want tea and coffee."


Which word is a noun in the sentence: "Books enriches us."


Identify the verb in the sentence: "She sings beautifully."


Which word is an adjective in the sentence: "He drives a fast car."


What is the pronoun in the sentence: "He likes apples."


What is the preposition in the sentence: "The book is on the table."


Which word is the adverb in the sentence: "She dances gracefully."


Which word is the adjective in the sentence: "The sky looks blue today."

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