Conjunction - সংযোজক বা সংযোজক অব্যয়

যে সকল শব্দ একটি Word / Phrase / Clause / Sentence-এর সাথে আরেকটি Word / Phrase / Clause / Sentence-কে যুক্ত করে, তাদেরকে Conjunction বলে। তাই এদেরকে ‘সংযোজক’ বা ‘Connectors’-ও বলা হয়

In English grammar, a conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. It acts like glue, joining different parts of a sentence to create meaning.

Let’s go through some examples of conjunctions across different scenarios:

Conjunctions Connect 'Words'

Example – Connecting ‘Words’:

  • I like tea and coffee.
    • Bengali: আমি চা এবং কফি পছন্দ করি।
    • Explanation: Here, “and” connects two nouns: “tea” and “coffee“. This illustrates that conjunctions can link words together.
  • She is smart but lazy.
    • Bengali: সে স্মার্ট কিন্তু অলস।
    • Explanation: Here, “but” connects two adjectives: “smart” and “lazy“. This illustrates that conjunctions can link words together.

Conjunctions Connect 'Phrases'

Example – Connecting ‘Phrases’:

  • A cat and a dog do not play together.
    • Bengali: একটি বিড়াল এবং একটি কুকুর একসাথে খেলে না।
    • Explanation: Here, “and” connects two noun phrases: “a cat” and “a dog” This shows that conjunctions can connect phrases as well.
    • Connecting two noun phrases
  • She likes to read novels but prefers to watch movies.
    • Bengali: সে উপন্যাস পড়তে পছন্দ করে কিন্তু সিনেমা দেখতে বেশি পছন্দ করে।
    • Explanation: In this case, “but” connects the phrases “to read novels” (উপন্যাস পড়তে) and “to watch movies” (সিনেমা দেখতে), highlighting a contrast between two activities.
    • Connecting two verb phrases

Conjunctions Connect 'Clauses'

Example – Connecting Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions:

  • He played well, so he won the game.
    • Bengali: সে ভালো খেলেছে, তাই সে খেলাটি জিতেছে।
    • Explanation:So” connects two independent clauses: “He played well” and “he won the game.”
    • This demonstrates that conjunctions can link clauses.
  • He studied hard, but he still failed the exam.
    • Bengali: সে কঠোরভাবে পড়াশোনা করেছিল, কিন্তু তবুও সে পরীক্ষায় ফেল করেছিল।
    • Explanation: Here, “but” connects two independent clauses: “He studied hard” (সে কঠোরভাবে পড়াশোনা করেছিল) and “he still failed the exam” (তবুও সে পরীক্ষায় ফেল করেছিল).
    • This illustrates the contrast between his effort and the outcome.

Example – Dependent Clauses with Subordinating Conjunctions:

  • She went to bed because she was tired.
    • Bengali: সে ঘুমাতে গেল কারণ সে ক্লান্ত ছিল।
    • Explanation: “Because” connects an independent clause (“She went to bed”) with a dependent clause (“she was tired”).
    • This illustrates how conjunctions can create complex sentences by linking clauses.
  • If you study hard, you will pass the test.
    • Bengali:যদি তুমি কঠোরভাবে পড়াশোনা করো, তবে তুমি পরীক্ষায় পাস করবে।
    • Explanation: Here, “if” introduces a dependent clause: “If you study hard” (যদি তুমি কঠোরভাবে পড়াশোনা করো) and connects it to the independent clause “you will pass the test” (তুমি পরীক্ষায় পাস করবে).
    • This illustrates the condition for passing the test. One clause contains the condition; the other has likely possibilities if the condition is met.

Example – Correlative Clause with Correlative Conjunctions:

  • Either you can come with us, or you can stay home.
    • Bengali: তুমি আমাদের সাথে আসতে পারো অথবা বাড়িতে থাকতে পারো।
    • Choice 1: You can come with us. 
    • Choice: 2: You can stay home.
    • Explanation:Either…or” connects two choices, showing how correlative conjunctions work in pairs to link options.
  • Not only is she intelligent, but also she is kind.
    • Bengali: সে শুধু বুদ্ধিমতী নয়, বরং সে দয়ালুও বটে।
    • Fact 1: She is intelligent.
    • Fact 2: She is kind.
    • Explanation:Not only…but also” connects two qualities, showing how correlative conjunctions work in pairs to emphasize multiple attributes or features.

Conjunctions Connect 'Sentences'

Example – Joined with a comma and the coordinating conjunction:

  • Sentence 1: The sky is blue.
  • Sentence 2: The grass is green.
  • Combined Sentence: The sky is blue, and the grass is green.
  • Bengali: আকাশ নীল এবং ঘাস সবুজ।
  •  

Example – Joined with a sub-ordinating conjunction:

  • Sentence 1: It is raining.
  • Sentence 2: We should stay home.
  • Combined Sentence: Because it is raining, we should stay home. / We should stay home because it is raining. 
  • Bengali: যেহেতু বৃষ্টি হচ্ছে, আমাদের বাড়িতে থাকা উচিত।
  •  

As you can see, in each example, a conjunction is used to join the two sentences together, creating a more cohesive and grammatically correct expression. 

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