Transitive Verb: সকর্মক ক্রিয়া
A transitive verb is an action verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning. It expresses an action that is performed on something or someone.
বাক্য সম্পূর্ণ করতে যেই verb-এর একটি কর্ম বা object-এর প্রয়োজন হয়, তাকে Transitive Verb বা সকর্মক ক্রিয়া বলে।
Examples:
- Meena wrote a letter.
- (The verb “wrote” is transitive because it has a direct object “a letter.”)
- মীনা একটি চিঠি লিখল।
- (“লিখল” হলো সকর্মক ক্রিয়া কারণ এর object “একটি চিঠি” আছে।)
- They bought an old car.
- (The verb “bought” is transitive because it has a direct object “an old car.”)
- তারা একটি পুরাতন গাড়ি কিনল।
- (“কিনল” হলো সকর্মক ক্রিয়া কারণ এর object “একটি পুরাতন গাড়ি” আছে।)
The term “transitive” comes from the Latin word “transit,” which means “to pass over” or “to transfer.” In the context of transitive verbs, ‘transitive’ means that the action “passes over” from the subject to the object.
Therefore, a transitive verb needs a direct object to receive the action, indicating that the action of the verb is being transferred or passed on to something else.
Examples:
- Raju threw the ball.
- রাজু বল ছুঁড়ল।
In the above sentence::
- The subject is “Raju”.
- The verb is “threw”.
- The object is “the ball”.
- The action “threw” passes over to the direct object “the ball”.
- “বল“ হলো কর্ম (direct object) যেটির ওপর কার্যটি সম্পাদিত হয়েছে।
- Here, the action of throwing starts with the subject (“Raju”) and passes over to the object (“the ball”). Without “the ball,” the meaning of the action is incomplete, because we don’t know what was thrown.
Transitive Verbs: The Basis for Active-Passive Voice Transformation
Relationship Between Transitive Verbs and Active-Passive Voice
Important Notes:
It is to be noted that
- only transitive verbs, which require a direct object to complete their meaning, can be changed into passive voice.
- অর্থাৎ কেবল Transitive Verb-কেই Passive Voice-এ পরিবর্তন করা যায়।
Since an intransitive verb does not require any object to complete its meaning, it cannot be changed into passive voice.
- অর্থাৎ Intransitive Verb-কে Passive Voice-এ পরিবর্তন করা যায় না।
Active and Passive Voice Examples with Transitive Verbs
Let’s go through some examples of transitive verbs in both their active and passive forms:
Example 1:
- Active Voice: The teacher has helped the student.
- Passive Voice: The student has been helped by the teacher.
Explanation:
- In the active voice, the subject (“the teacher”) is performing the action of “helping” the direct object (“the student”).
- In the passive voice, the object (“the student”) becomes the subject, and the focus shifts to the action being done to them.
Bangla Explanation:
- Active Voice: শিক্ষক শিক্ষার্থীকে সহায়তা করেছেন।
- Passive Voice: শিক্ষার্থী শিক্ষক দ্বারা সহায়তা পেয়েছে।
Example 2:
- Active Voice: We celebrate Pahela Baishakh.
- Passive Voice: Pahela Baishakh is celebrated by us.
Explanation:
- In the active voice, “we” (subject) is doing the action of “celebrating,” and “Pahela Baishakh” is the direct object receiving that action.
- In the passive voice, “Pahela Baishakh” becomes the subject, highlighting the fact that it is celebrated, without emphasizing the doer.
Bangla Explanation:
- Active Voice: আমরা পহেলা বৈশাখ উদযাপন করি।
- Passive Voice: পহেলা বৈশাখ আমাদের দ্বারা উদযাপিত হয়।